CLS option chain
Strikes around the forward, as they were quoted at the close
Data as of 25 September 2026 (end of day)
2026-10-02(7 days)ATM 57.27%±29.20skew -1.79
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 2 | 10 | $26.30 | $31.80 | — | $342.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 16 | 85 | $25.30 | $28.80 | — | $345.00 | 59.30% | $2.90 | $4.20 | 41 | 28 |
| 0 | 6 | $22.30 | $27.90 | — | $347.50 | 58.99% | $3.70 | $4.50 | 3 | 11 |
| 4 | 135 | $21.10 | $24.40 | — | $350.00 | 59.51% | $4.20 | $5.50 | 281 | 108 |
| 0 | 6 | $18.90 | $24.40 | — | $352.50 | 60.13% | $5.00 | $6.40 | 4 | 9 |
| 3 | 50 | $17.40 | $22.50 | — | $355.00 | 62.20% | $6.00 | $7.80 | 6 | 29 |
| 23 | 7 | $15.90 | $19.60 | — | $357.50 | 61.33% | $7.00 | $8.30 | 7 | 0 |
| 26 | 123 | $14.60 | $19.30 | — | $360.00 | 58.29% | $7.80 | $8.30 | 269 | 30 |
| 16 | 11 | $13.40 | $17.40 | — | $362.50 | 57.77% | $8.50 | $9.50 | 10 | 16 |
| 283 | 64 | $13.00 | $16.70 | — | $365.00 | 59.58% | $9.00 | $12.00 | 18 | 35 |
| 15 | 35 | $10.30 | $15.10 | — | $367.50 | 60.69% | $9.90 | $14.00 | 14 | 5 |
| 65 | 387 | $9.20 | $12.20 | 56.71% | $370.00 | — | $12.40 | $13.60 | 26 | 43 |
| 15 | 13 | $8.60 | $12.50 | 61.44% | $372.50 | — | $12.50 | $17.90 | 0 | 10 |
| 31 | 94 | $8.30 | $9.00 | 57.12% | $375.00 | — | $14.40 | $17.90 | 4 | 13 |
| 6 | 13 | $7.00 | $11.10 | 63.95% | $377.50 | — | $15.40 | $20.30 | 2 | 0 |
| 59 | 152 | $6.90 | $7.20 | 58.21% | $380.00 | — | $18.60 | $21.10 | 2 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | $5.80 | $8.90 | 64.07% | $382.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 39 | 93 | $5.10 | $6.20 | 58.90% | $385.00 | — | $19.10 | $25.20 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 7 | $4.40 | $6.40 | 61.30% | $387.50 | — | $21.80 | $26.40 | 15 | 0 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $390.00 | — | $24.20 | $29.30 | 10 | 0 |
| 34 | 534 | $2.70 | $3.90 | 58.50% | $395.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
Forward $368.25. The 25-delta put carries -1.79 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-10-09(14 days)ATM 56.45%±40.85skew +1.22
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 1 | 171 | $35.60 | $40.10 | — | $335.00 | 57.07% | $3.40 | $4.80 | 151 | 19 |
| 1 | 74 | $32.00 | $37.50 | — | $340.00 | 57.44% | $4.60 | $6.00 | 171 | 6 |
| 0 | 45 | $28.30 | $33.80 | — | $345.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | $347.50 | 57.69% | $6.70 | $8.20 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 265 | $25.20 | $30.90 | — | $350.00 | 57.86% | $7.50 | $9.10 | 9 | 3 |
| 0 | 1 | $23.10 | $28.40 | — | $352.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 174 | $21.70 | $26.20 | — | $355.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 0 | $20.60 | $25.50 | — | $357.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 51 | $19.30 | $23.50 | — | $360.00 | 59.75% | $11.60 | $13.70 | 28 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | $18.00 | $22.40 | — | $362.50 | 55.97% | $10.50 | $14.90 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 25 | $16.80 | $20.80 | — | $365.00 | 59.81% | $13.90 | $16.00 | 5 | 3 |
| 6 | 2 | $15.50 | $20.60 | — | $367.50 | 55.69% | $12.50 | $17.50 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | 314 | $14.50 | $17.60 | 56.44% | $370.00 | — | $13.70 | $19.30 | 5 | 0 |
| 27 | 2 | $13.40 | $16.40 | 56.45% | $372.50 | — | $16.70 | $20.30 | 0 | 13 |
| 16 | 23 | $12.50 | $15.30 | 56.77% | $375.00 | — | $16.50 | $21.70 | 1 | 0 |
| 24 | 35 | $10.70 | $12.00 | 54.86% | $380.00 | — | $19.70 | $25.00 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | 25 | $9.00 | $12.50 | 59.11% | $385.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3 | 0 | $8.10 | $11.60 | 58.83% | $387.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 27 | 95 | $7.60 | $8.80 | 55.50% | $390.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 23 | 75 | $5.40 | $6.40 | 56.48% | $400.00 | — | $34.80 | $39.60 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 22 | $4.40 | $5.40 | 56.56% | $405.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
Forward $369.55. The 25-delta put carries +1.22 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-10-16(21 days)ATM 60.30%±53.24skew -3.79
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| — | — | — | — | — | $342.50 | 58.12% | $8.80 | $10.20 | 31 | 2 |
| 0 | 11 | $32.10 | $36.80 | — | $345.00 | 54.52% | $7.30 | $11.20 | 13 | 2 |
| 0 | 15 | $30.10 | $35.40 | — | $347.50 | 53.52% | $7.40 | $12.20 | 3 | 0 |
| 43 | 1,334 | $30.40 | $33.90 | — | $350.00 | 58.54% | $11.50 | $13.10 | 114 | 156 |
| 0 | 1 | $27.60 | $33.30 | — | $352.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | 20 | $26.20 | $30.80 | — | $355.00 | 55.16% | $11.30 | $15.10 | 3 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | $24.80 | $29.10 | — | $357.50 | 56.88% | $13.30 | $16.40 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | 1,599 | $23.80 | $26.80 | — | $360.00 | 58.70% | $15.20 | $18.00 | 184 | 1 |
| 0 | 115 | $21.10 | $25.10 | — | $365.00 | 58.08% | $17.30 | $20.30 | 4 | 0 |
| 0 | 15 | $19.60 | $24.20 | — | $367.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 32 | 855 | $18.40 | $21.60 | 59.47% | $370.00 | — | $20.10 | $23.70 | 71 | 0 |
| 10 | 1 | $17.30 | $21.10 | 60.37% | $372.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6 | 11 | $16.60 | $19.60 | 60.29% | $375.00 | — | $23.00 | $26.00 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | $15.30 | $19.40 | 61.08% | $377.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 44 | 2,071 | $14.80 | $16.60 | 59.17% | $380.00 | — | $25.20 | $28.90 | 21 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | $13.50 | $17.30 | 61.01% | $382.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 65 | 697 | $13.20 | $15.80 | 61.00% | $385.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | 1 | $12.10 | $15.80 | 61.91% | $387.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 16 | 816 | $11.40 | $14.70 | 61.68% | $390.00 | — | $31.70 | $35.70 | 21 | 3 |
| 1 | 0 | $10.60 | $13.90 | 61.62% | $392.50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | 15 | $10.20 | $13.00 | 61.91% | $395.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
Forward $368.10. The 25-delta put carries -3.79 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-10-23(28 days)ATM 60.30%±61.41skew -2.01
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 1 | 27 | $51.80 | $57.60 | — | $320.00 | 58.72% | $5.40 | $6.70 | 64 | 15 |
| 2 | 18 | $48.30 | $54.10 | — | $325.00 | 58.49% | $6.50 | $7.80 | 78 | 10 |
| 0 | 15 | $44.70 | $51.00 | — | $330.00 | 58.13% | $7.60 | $9.10 | 124 | 52 |
| 0 | 11 | $41.50 | $47.40 | — | $335.00 | 58.25% | $9.10 | $10.60 | 19 | 10 |
| 3 | 22 | $38.70 | $44.10 | — | $340.00 | 57.74% | $10.50 | $12.10 | 4 | 164 |
| 0 | 12 | $34.40 | $40.70 | — | $345.00 | 57.93% | $12.20 | $14.10 | 20 | 8 |
| 4 | 16 | $31.60 | $38.00 | — | $350.00 | 57.91% | $14.20 | $16.00 | 165 | 10 |
| 1 | 16 | $28.20 | $35.00 | — | $355.00 | 58.74% | $15.00 | $20.10 | 34 | 4 |
| 5 | 19 | $26.20 | $31.10 | — | $360.00 | 55.43% | $16.50 | $20.60 | 18 | 5 |
| 2 | 44 | $23.40 | $29.40 | — | $365.00 | 57.15% | $19.30 | $24.10 | 32 | 0 |
| 7 | 28 | $22.30 | $24.40 | 60.26% | $370.00 | — | $23.50 | $27.70 | 12 | 11 |
| 8 | 114 | $18.70 | $23.70 | 60.32% | $375.00 | — | $25.00 | $30.30 | 3 | 2 |
| 3 | 53 | $17.00 | $22.00 | 61.12% | $380.00 | — | $27.50 | $33.10 | 1 | 0 |
| 59 | 13 | $14.80 | $19.30 | 59.67% | $385.00 | — | $30.60 | $36.90 | 1 | 0 |
| 8 | 32 | $12.70 | $17.00 | 58.43% | $390.00 | — | $34.50 | $40.30 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | $11.30 | $15.30 | 58.48% | $395.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 58 | 303 | $11.30 | $14.10 | 60.73% | $400.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 3 | $8.20 | $12.40 | 57.73% | $405.00 | — | $44.90 | $50.00 | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 17 | $6.80 | $11.20 | 57.36% | $410.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 9 | $7.80 | $11.30 | 62.24% | $415.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3 | 9 | $7.00 | $8.80 | 60.26% | $420.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
Forward $367.74. The 25-delta put carries -2.01 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-10-30(35 days)ATM 70.64%±81.09skew +2.47
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 0 | 45 | $57.30 | $63.60 | — | $320.00 | 71.85% | $10.20 | $13.00 | 17 | 19 |
| 1 | 4 | $54.60 | $60.40 | — | $325.00 | 75.02% | $12.00 | $16.50 | 14 | 6 |
| 1 | 13 | $51.00 | $56.80 | — | $330.00 | 70.52% | $12.50 | $16.00 | 22 | 9 |
| 0 | 12 | $48.10 | $55.00 | — | $335.00 | 70.82% | $14.20 | $18.00 | 5 | 4 |
| 0 | 4 | $45.00 | $50.90 | — | $340.00 | 73.26% | $16.30 | $21.60 | 17 | 11 |
| 1 | 54 | $41.70 | $49.00 | — | $345.00 | 71.63% | $17.50 | $23.10 | 10 | 7 |
| 0 | 33 | $39.50 | $46.00 | — | $350.00 | 74.48% | $20.80 | $26.50 | 11 | 28 |
| 0 | 5 | $36.00 | $42.20 | — | $355.00 | 70.26% | $21.20 | $27.00 | 4 | 0 |
| 4 | 42 | $33.90 | $40.00 | — | $360.00 | 72.01% | $23.60 | $30.90 | 103 | 1 |
| 3 | 37 | $30.90 | $38.70 | — | $365.00 | 70.54% | $26.00 | $32.20 | 2 | 1 |
| 5 | 41 | $30.00 | $35.40 | — | $370.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 22 | 6 | $27.20 | $33.10 | 70.39% | $375.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5 | 20 | $25.20 | $31.10 | 70.64% | $380.00 | — | $34.20 | $40.60 | 1 | 0 |
| 5 | 1 | $23.10 | $29.20 | 70.63% | $385.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5 | 8 | $21.20 | $27.40 | 70.69% | $390.00 | — | $41.50 | $47.50 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | 8 | $19.60 | $25.80 | 71.08% | $395.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 13 | 63 | $18.60 | $22.50 | 69.99% | $400.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | 5 | $16.70 | $20.90 | 69.55% | $405.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 44 | $15.20 | $21.00 | 71.31% | $410.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 4 | $14.10 | $20.30 | 72.44% | $415.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | 12 | $12.80 | $19.10 | 72.55% | $420.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
Forward $370.72. The 25-delta put carries +2.47 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-11-06(42 days)ATM 70.00%±88.15skew -1.56
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| — | — | — | — | — | $300.00 | 71.88% | $7.50 | $9.50 | 1 | 3 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $305.00 | 72.87% | $8.90 | $11.10 | 2 | 4 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $310.00 | 72.43% | $10.10 | $12.20 | 0 | 8 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $315.00 | 71.47% | $10.70 | $13.70 | 10 | 21 |
| 1 | 0 | $60.10 | $66.80 | — | $320.00 | 70.96% | $12.00 | $15.00 | 0 | 8 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $325.00 | 71.71% | $13.20 | $17.60 | 0 | 6 |
| 0 | 2 | $51.20 | $57.10 | — | $335.00 | 72.71% | $17.90 | $20.90 | 0 | 5 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $340.00 | 69.96% | $17.80 | $22.50 | 1 | 0 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $345.00 | 69.51% | $19.50 | $24.50 | 0 | 1 |
| — | — | — | — | — | $350.00 | 69.68% | $21.70 | $26.80 | 8 | 0 |
| 0 | 12 | $39.70 | $45.90 | — | $355.00 | 69.60% | $24.00 | $29.00 | 15 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | $36.00 | $43.30 | — | $360.00 | 72.27% | $28.40 | $32.00 | 10 | 3 |
| 0 | 8 | $33.90 | $40.80 | — | $365.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3 | 1 | $33.00 | $38.50 | — | $370.00 | 70.58% | $31.60 | $37.50 | 0 | 2 |
| 0 | 4 | $28.00 | $34.30 | 70.05% | $380.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2 | 0 | $26.00 | $32.20 | 69.96% | $385.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 0 | $23.10 | $28.80 | 71.08% | $395.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3 | 0 | $20.60 | $27.30 | 70.48% | $400.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1 | 0 | $14.00 | $19.50 | 73.09% | $430.00 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0 | — | $11.40 | $17.50 | 72.89% | $440.00 | — | $80.60 | $87.10 | — | 0 |
| 0 | — | $10.60 | $16.60 | 73.27% | $445.00 | — | $84.60 | $91.40 | — | 0 |
Forward $371.21. The 25-delta put carries -1.56 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-11-20(56 days)ATM 70.42%±102.11skew -0.08
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 0 | 13 | $103.40 | $109.00 | — | $270.00 | 71.56% | $5.50 | $5.90 | 438 | 136 |
| 0 | 26 | $95.10 | $100.90 | — | $280.00 | 71.64% | $6.60 | $8.40 | 145 | 1 |
| 0 | 33 | $87.30 | $92.70 | — | $290.00 | 70.97% | $8.70 | $10.10 | 168 | 13 |
| 0 | 83 | $78.90 | $85.20 | — | $300.00 | 70.64% | $11.10 | $12.40 | 258 | 32 |
| 0 | 717 | $72.70 | $77.80 | — | $310.00 | 70.52% | $14.20 | $14.90 | 178 | 35 |
| 2 | 86 | $65.60 | $71.20 | — | $320.00 | 69.96% | $17.10 | $18.00 | 261 | 220 |
| 1 | 161 | $59.30 | $64.30 | — | $330.00 | 69.65% | $20.20 | $21.90 | 147 | 7 |
| 0 | 191 | $53.60 | $57.60 | — | $340.00 | 69.91% | $24.20 | $26.30 | 172 | 3 |
| 1 | 83 | $48.80 | $52.80 | — | $350.00 | 70.20% | $28.70 | $31.10 | 103 | 3 |
| 613 | 4,712 | $43.80 | $47.30 | — | $360.00 | 70.28% | $33.20 | $36.50 | 18 | 1 |
| 5 | 125 | $38.50 | $43.00 | — | $370.00 | 70.96% | $38.40 | $42.70 | 28 | 2 |
| 4 | 1,680 | $34.20 | $37.90 | 70.16% | $380.00 | — | $44.90 | $47.70 | 41 | 0 |
| 4 | 36 | $30.90 | $34.20 | 70.81% | $390.00 | — | $50.10 | $53.60 | 78 | 0 |
| 6 | 2,182 | $28.00 | $30.20 | 70.94% | $400.00 | — | $57.50 | $60.80 | 46 | 1 |
| 11 | 79 | $24.30 | $27.40 | 70.85% | $410.00 | — | $64.10 | $67.00 | 7 | 0 |
| 2 | 704 | $21.30 | $24.30 | 70.57% | $420.00 | — | $70.10 | $74.80 | 5 | 0 |
| 109 | 3,689 | $19.20 | $20.40 | 69.82% | $430.00 | — | $77.30 | $81.40 | 1 | 0 |
| 10 | 258 | $16.70 | $18.70 | 70.26% | $440.00 | — | $83.20 | $89.30 | 1 | 0 |
| 32 | 59 | $14.80 | $16.10 | 69.92% | $450.00 | — | $93.50 | $97.40 | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 122 | $13.00 | $14.30 | 70.05% | $460.00 | — | $100.00 | $105.70 | 1 | 0 |
| 4 | 17 | $11.50 | $12.80 | 70.40% | $470.00 | — | $108.40 | $113.90 | 1 | 0 |
Forward $370.20. The 25-delta put carries -0.08 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
2026-12-18(84 days)ATM 66.48%±118.96skew +1.74
| Calls | Strike | Puts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Open int | Bid | Ask | IV | IV | Bid | Ask | Open int | Volume | |
| 0 | 44 | $107.80 | $113.40 | — | $270.00 | 69.02% | $8.30 | $9.70 | 153 | 3 |
| 0 | 43 | $99.10 | $105.20 | — | $280.00 | 68.46% | $10.20 | $11.80 | 109 | 8 |
| 0 | 146 | $91.00 | $97.70 | — | $290.00 | 68.82% | $13.30 | $14.10 | 122 | 3 |
| 6 | 162 | $84.50 | $90.80 | — | $300.00 | 68.12% | $15.60 | $16.90 | 151 | 13 |
| 0 | 55 | $77.80 | $84.00 | — | $310.00 | 67.98% | $18.70 | $20.10 | 114 | 0 |
| 1 | 112 | $71.60 | $75.80 | — | $320.00 | 67.76% | $22.20 | $23.50 | 269 | 21 |
| 1 | 107 | $66.10 | $71.50 | — | $330.00 | 67.63% | $26.00 | $27.40 | 68 | 2 |
| 3 | 110 | $60.60 | $66.00 | — | $340.00 | 67.80% | $30.50 | $31.70 | 104 | 26 |
| 15 | 203 | $55.30 | $59.80 | — | $350.00 | 67.50% | $34.70 | $36.40 | 100 | 3 |
| 7 | 79 | $50.50 | $54.90 | — | $360.00 | 66.42% | $37.70 | $41.90 | 35 | 1 |
| 2 | 97 | $45.90 | $50.20 | — | $370.00 | 66.40% | $42.70 | $47.50 | 65 | 0 |
| 5 | 517 | $41.70 | $46.20 | 66.63% | $380.00 | — | $48.10 | $53.60 | 66 | 3 |
| 0 | 52 | $37.80 | $42.00 | 66.47% | $390.00 | — | $53.90 | $59.30 | 46 | 0 |
| 13 | 1,302 | $34.20 | $38.40 | 66.53% | $400.00 | — | $60.20 | $65.80 | 100 | 0 |
| 0 | 44 | $30.50 | $35.10 | 66.31% | $410.00 | — | $67.00 | $73.10 | 29 | 0 |
| 43 | 674 | $27.90 | $32.10 | 66.71% | $420.00 | — | $74.00 | $79.60 | 30 | 0 |
| 0 | 73 | $25.30 | $29.20 | 66.82% | $430.00 | — | $82.00 | $86.90 | 5 | 0 |
| 0 | 63 | $22.90 | $26.70 | 67.02% | $440.00 | — | $90.00 | $94.50 | 15 | 0 |
| 12 | 999 | $20.70 | $24.40 | 67.20% | $450.00 | — | $96.00 | $102.30 | 17 | 0 |
| 0 | 235 | $19.10 | $20.30 | 66.11% | $460.00 | — | $104.00 | $110.30 | 1 | 0 |
| 28 | 32 | $17.10 | $18.30 | 66.02% | $470.00 | — | $113.00 | $118.40 | 7 | 0 |
Forward $372.98. The 25-delta put carries +1.74 volatility points over the 25-delta call.
How to read this
Calls on the left, puts on the right, the strike between them — the layout every chain uses. Each block is one expiration, and the heading carries its days to expiry, the at-the-money implied volatility, and the one-standard-deviation move that volatility implies over that time.
Only the 21 strikes nearest the forward are stored, which is the part of the board that carries the volume. The shaded side is in the money: below the forward for calls, above it for puts.
Implied volatility is shown on the out-of-the-money side only. An in-the-money option is nearly all intrinsic value quoted on a wide market, so a volatility solved from it would look authoritative and mean very little. The price is still shown, because the price is real; the blank is deliberate.